The Hormonal Link to Ocular Disease in Women

"Women bear a disproportionate burden of many ocular diseases, yet only recently have we begun to better understand the biologic and hormonal factors that may contribute to those differences," Neda Gioia, OD, CNS, FMCP, FOWNS, said in her session at Optometry's Meeting 2026.

By: Veronica Daub

Optometric Management June 19, 2026

Clinical Report: The Hormonal Link to Ocular Disease in Women

Background

Women experience a disproportionate burden of ocular diseases, which has only recently begun to be understood in the context of hormonal influences. Hormonal changes during menopause can affect ocular surface health, glaucoma risk, and overall visual function.

Data Highlights

No specific numerical data was provided in the source material.

Key Findings

Ocular tissues contain estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors, influencing tear production and inflammation.
Dry eye disease affects twice as many women as men over 50, often linked to hormonal imbalance during menopause.
Menopause may be a risk factor for glaucoma, with earlier menopause associated with increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma.
Corneal arcus in women under 50 may indicate underlying dyslipidemia, warranting further investigation.
The Menopause–Ocular Nutrition Axis highlights the importance of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and other nutrients during menopause.

Clinical Implications

Eye care providers should inquire about menopausal symptoms when evaluating women with dry eye symptoms.

Conclusion

The hormonal transitions experienced by women during menopause impact ocular health.

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